CSS Criminology MCQs

This comprehensive set of MCQs on Criminology for the Central Superior Services (CSS) examination is carefully designed to cover all essential topics outlined in the CSS syllabus. Covering areas such as theories of crime, types of criminal behavior, criminal justice systems, forensic science, and crime prevention strategies, these MCQs aim to provide aspiring CSS candidates with a thorough understanding of criminological concepts and practices.

Who should practice CSS Criminology MCQs?

Candidates preparing for the CSS examination who wish to strengthen their knowledge of crime causation theories, criminal justice processes, and methods for crime control.
Individuals interested in exploring topics like juvenile delinquency, white-collar crime, forensic evidence, and rehabilitation, which are essential for roles in public safety and law enforcement.
University students focused on high-yield topics such as victimology, criminological research methods, and criminal profiling, which are crucial for the CSS Criminology syllabus.
Anyone looking to develop analytical skills for understanding criminal behavior and applying criminological theories in practical contexts.
Students dedicated to mastering criminology to excel in competitive exams and pursue careers in law enforcement, criminal justice, and social welfare.

1. The study of crime, criminals, and the criminal justice system is known as:

A) Penology
B) Criminology
C) Sociology
D) Criminal Justice

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2. Which concept refers to a violation of social norms that provoke a negative reaction?

A) Deviance
B) Crime
C) Sin
D) Vice

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3. In criminology, the term “occasional criminals” refers to those who:

A) Engage in crime as a profession
B) Commit crimes only under certain circumstances
C) Habitually engage in criminal activity
D) Are involved in corporate crimes

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4. Which of the following best defines “white-collar crime”?

A) Crimes committed by individuals of lower socioeconomic status
B) Crimes involving physical assault or violence
C) Crimes committed by individuals in professional or business contexts
D) Crimes related to organized crime groups

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5. The theory that crime occurs due to a lack of social controls is known as:

A) Labeling Theory
B) Social Control Theory
C) Strain Theory
D) Biological Theory

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6. The concept of “crime as a social problem” primarily suggests that:

A) Crime only affects individuals directly involved
B) Crime has no broader societal implications
C) Crime affects the entire social structure
D) Crime is only an individual issue

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7. The biological theory of criminal behavior suggests that criminality is:

A) A learned behavior
B) Due to environmental factors
C) Influenced by genetic and physiological factors
D) Caused by lack of opportunity

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8. Which theory suggests that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others?

A) Social Disorganization Theory
B) Labeling Theory
C) Strain Theory
D) Learning Theory

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9. According to Islamic perspectives, crimes are categorized as:

A) Moral and legal transgressions
B) Sin and crime
C) Hadd and Ta’zir offenses
D) Primary and secondary offenses

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10. A juvenile delinquent differs from a status offender because the juvenile delinquent:

A) Commits acts not criminal if done by an adult
B) Is only violating curfew or other minor infractions
C) Commits acts considered crimes regardless of age
D) Violates school rules only

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11. Which term describes individuals who consistently engage in criminal activity as a lifestyle?

A) Occasional criminals
B) Habitual criminals
C) White-collar criminals
D) Juvenile offenders

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12. The theory that crime results from a breakdown of social structures is known as:

A) Biological Theory
B) Social Disorganization Theory
C) Strain Theory
D) Labeling Theory

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13. Which of the following is NOT considered an example of organized crime?

A) Human trafficking
B) Drug trafficking
C) Shoplifting
D) Money laundering

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14. In criminology, “corporate crime” refers to:

A) Crimes committed by corporations or businesses
B) Crimes committed by individuals in business suits
C) Physical crimes against corporations
D) Petty crimes

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15. Which theory suggests that individuals become criminals when they are labeled as such by society?

A) Strain Theory
B) Learning Theory
C) Labeling Theory
D) Biological Theory

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16. Who among the following is a formal agent in the Juvenile Justice System?

A) Parents
B) Police officer
C) Teacher
D) Peers

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17. Juvenile delinquency refers to:

A) Adult crimes
B) Crimes committed by youth under the legal age
C) Crimes related to drug abuse
D) Organized crime

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18. Which role in the Juvenile Justice System involves supervising young offenders on probation?

A) Police officer
B) Prosecutor
C) Juvenile probation officer
D) Juvenile judge

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19. In the context of criminology, “deviance” refers to:

A) Acts that violate the law
B) Minor rule violations only
C) Behavior that violates societal norms
D) Criminal acts only

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20. The process where law enforcement gathers data on suspects’ online activities is called:

A) Forensic investigation
B) Database investigation
C) Preliminary investigation
D) Interviewing and interrogation

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21. Which concept describes a crime committed by people in high-status occupations during the course of their work?

A) Occasional crime
B) Habitual crime
C) White-collar crime
D) Organized crime

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22. Social Control Theory posits that people commit crimes because:

A) They are biologically inclined to do so
B) Social bonds and institutions fail to restrain them
C) They are labeled as criminals
D) They have a high level of economic security

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23. According to Strain Theory, crime is a result of:

A) Psychological issues
B) Breakdown of moral structures
C) Failure to achieve societal goals through legitimate means
D) Labeling by society

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24. A primary role of the police in the Juvenile Justice System is to:

A) Serve as a judge
B) Prevent juvenile crime and apprehend offenders
C) Supervise probation
D) Manage correctional institutions

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25. Forensic investigation primarily involves:

A) Court procedures
B) Physical examination of crime scenes and evidence
C) Community policing
D) Juvenile court processes

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26. UNODC is an international organization concerned with:

A) Juvenile justice
B) Human rights
C) Crime and drug control
D) Community policing

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27. The theory that emphasizes criminal behavior as a learned process through interaction with others is known as:

A) Labeling Theory
B) Strain Theory
C) Social Control Theory
D) Learning Theory

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28. The role of the prosecutor in a criminal trial is to:

A) Defend the accused
B) Enforce probation rules
C) Prove the defendant’s guilt
D) Advise the judge

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29. An investigation technique that involves systematic gathering of data and observations is known as:

A) Intelligence operation
B) Preliminary investigation
C) Criminal profiling
D) Interviewing

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30. Which organization is dedicated to police cooperation at an international level?

A) INTERPOL
B) UNICEF
C) UNODC
D) IPA

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31. The term “juvenile court process” refers to:

A) The process for trying adult criminals
B) Procedures specifically for youth offenders
C) Probation systems for adults
D) Community policing strategies

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32. Social Disorganization Theory attributes crime to:

A) Individual mental disorders
B) Genetic predispositions
C) Breakdown of social structures and communities
D) Economic stability

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33. The primary aim of corporal punishment is to:

A) Rehabilitate the offender
B) Inflict physical pain as punishment
C) Offer educational opportunities
D) Promote economic stability

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34. Which of the following is a common feature of organized crime?

A) It is usually committed by a single individual
B) It often involves systematic illegal enterprises
C) It is typically spontaneous and unplanned
D) It only includes crimes of theft

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35. According to criminology, which type of crime involves manipulating financial systems?

A) Organized crime
B) White-collar crime
C) Juvenile delinquency
D) Social disorganization

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36. Which concept focuses on community involvement to reduce crime?

A) Community policing
B) Intelligence-led policing
C) Database investigation
D) International policing

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37. In criminology, a “habitual criminal” is best described as someone who:

A) Commits crimes only in emergencies
B) Has a long history of criminal behavior
C) Commits crimes as part of an organization
D) Only commits economic crimes

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38. Which theory suggests that individuals turn to crime when legitimate ways to achieve goals are blocked?

A) Labeling Theory
B) Learning Theory
C) Strain Theory
D) Biological Theory

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39. Intelligence-led policing primarily aims to:

A) Increase arrests through random stops
B) Use data analysis to prevent crime
C) Focus on rehabilitation over punishment
D) Conduct mass surveillance without targeting

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40. Juvenile correctional institutions aim to:

A) Punish juvenile offenders severely
B) Focus on rehabilitation and education
C) Offer only punitive measures
D) Reduce the number of juvenile courts

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41. The concept of “money-laundering” refers to:

A) The theft of public funds
B) Concealing the origins of illegal funds
C) Legitimate investment activities
D) Transferring money legally

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42. Which agency in Pakistan investigates and prosecutes financial crimes and corruption?

A) INTERPOL
B) NAB
C) UNICEF
D) UNODC

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43. The process of gathering and recording physical evidence at a crime scene is part of:

A) Community policing
B) Forensic investigation
C) Preliminary investigation
D) Social Control Theory

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44. Cybercrime is defined as:

A) Any crime that happens in a city
B) Crimes committed with the use of technology or computers
C) Traditional crimes like theft
D) Crime committed in rural areas

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45. “Labeling Theory” in criminology is primarily concerned with:

A) How individuals develop crime habits
B) The biological causes of crime
C) The effects of society’s labels on individuals’ behavior
D) How communities prevent crime

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46. Radicalism and terrorism as contemporary criminological issues are associated with:

A) Physical health problems
B) Political ideologies and extremist beliefs
C) Juvenile court processes
D) Education systems

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47. In the Criminal Justice System, the defense counsel’s role is to:

A) Prove the guilt of the accused
B) Supervise probation
C) Represent the accused in court
D) Enforce correctional policies

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48. The technique of “stop and frisk” is primarily used to:

A) Conduct a full body search
B) Apprehend juveniles only
C) Determine if an individual is carrying a weapon
D) Arrest individuals without evidence

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49. Social norms are considered to be:

A) Written laws that are legally enforced
B) Unwritten rules that guide behavior in society
C) Acts only punishable by criminal law
D) Irrelevant to criminology

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50. Which organization is known for facilitating international police cooperation?

A) UNODC
B) INTERPOL
C) NAB
D) FIA

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51. Rehabilitation of criminals primarily focuses on:

A) Isolating them from society
B) Physical punishment
C) Reforming and reintegrating them into society
D) Reducing their sentence

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52. Which crime is often associated with corporate misconduct and environmental harm?

A) Juvenile delinquency
B) Cybercrime
C) Corporate crime
D) Habitual crime

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53. Which type of crime often involves high-level financial schemes or tax evasion?

A) Organized crime
B) White-collar crime
C) Juvenile delinquency
D) Physical assault

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54. Deviance in criminology generally refers to:

A) Criminal acts only
B) Minor infractions only
C) Behavior that violates social norms
D) Physically aggressive acts

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55. The role of probation is to:

A) Imprison offenders for longer periods
B) Supervise offenders outside of prison
C) Offer monetary fines only
D) Label offenders as habitual criminals

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56. “Norms” in a criminological context refer to:

A) Severe crimes
B) Legal procedures only
C) Social expectations of behavior
D) Economic practices

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57. Which theory of criminality focuses on brain structure and function as causes of crime?

A) Social Disorganization Theory
B) Psychological Theory
C) Labeling Theory
D) Learning Theory

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58. The court process in the Juvenile Justice System includes all EXCEPT:

A) Pretrial
B) Community surveillance
C) Trial
D) Sentencing

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59. In a trial, the prosecutor’s main responsibility is to:

A) Defend the accused
B) Enforce probation terms
C) Establish the guilt of the accused
D) Supervise the jury

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60. Crime prevention through community involvement is a principle of:

A) Organized crime
B) Private policing
C) Community policing
D) Learning Theory

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61. According to Social Control Theory, crime is prevented by:

A) Strong social bonds and relationships
B) Physical punishment of offenders
C) Economic penalties
D) Isolation from society

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62. Which type of crime involves individuals or organizations violating environmental laws?

A) White-collar crime
B) Cybercrime
C) Organized crime
D) Environmental crime

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63. The main purpose of forensic investigation is to:

A) Provide social support to offenders
B) Mediate conflicts in communities
C) Gather and analyze evidence for legal proceedings
D) Provide economic assistance

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64. Which of the following is a type of security concerned with protection of resources and facilities?

A) Social security
B) Economic security
C) Physical security
D) Cultural security

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65. Which theory posits that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others?

A) Social Control Theory
B) Strain Theory
C) Biological Theory
D) Learning Theory

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66. Juvenile delinquency refers to:

A) Minor crimes committed by adults
B) Crimes committed by young individuals below a certain age
C) Organized crimes in urban areas
D) Crimes against corporations

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67. Corporate crime is typically associated with:

A) Juvenile offenders
B) Violations committed for financial gain by organizations
C) Crimes of physical violence
D) Spontaneous acts by individuals

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68. The juvenile court’s primary role is to:

A) Enforce capital punishment
B) Ensure severe punishment for all offenders
C) Provide a supportive legal process for minors
D) Try all types of criminal cases

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69. Which criminological theory focuses on labeling individuals based on their deviance?

A) Learning Theory
B) Labeling Theory
C) Social Disorganization Theory
D) Biological Theory

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70. The UNODC, a global organization, focuses on:

A) Enhancing global environmental policies
B) Addressing international drug control and crime prevention
C) Promoting education for young offenders
D) Social services for juvenile offenders

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71. Organized crime is best described as:

A) Individual crimes of passion
B) Politically motivated crimes
C) Coordinated, ongoing criminal activities by structured groups
D) Crimes committed solely by government officials

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72. Which type of juvenile offense is based on age-related restrictions?

A) Status offense
B) Corporate crime
C) White-collar crime
D) Habitual crime

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73. Which of the following refers to actions that society deems evil or sinful, though they may not be criminal?

A) Deviance
B) Vice
C) Corporate crime
D) Organized crime

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74. Which agency in Pakistan handles cybercrime?

A) NAB
B) INTERPOL
C) FIA
D) UNICEF

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75. Which of the following is a focus of criminal investigation analysis?

A) Rehabilitation of criminals
B) Classification of criminals based on behavior
C) Crime scene analysis and profiling suspects
D) Evaluating community programs

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76. Which concept in criminology emphasizes punishment to deter crime?

A) Rehabilitation
B) Restorative justice
C) Deterrence theory
D) Economic security

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77. Juvenile probation aims to:

A) Place juveniles in detention facilities
B) Release offenders with no supervision
C) Supervise and support juvenile offenders within the community
D) Provide economic support

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78. Social disorganization theory links crime to:

A) Personal health issues
B) Political instability
C) Weak or broken community bonds
D) Economic gains

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79. The main goal of intelligence operations in criminology is to:

A) Punish offenders severely
B) Protect juvenile rights
C) Provide data-driven insights to prevent crime
D) Train law enforcement in interrogation

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80. Which of the following is a focus of rehabilitation in criminology?

A) Inflicting punishment for deterrence
B) Reintegrating offenders into society
C) Isolating offenders permanently
D) Protecting society without intervention

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81. According to Strain Theory, crime occurs when:

A) Society places pressure on individuals to achieve goals
B) Criminal behavior is a biological trait
C) Community bonds are strong
D) Juveniles are under court supervision

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82. Which international organization provides assistance to children in conflict with the law?

A) UNODC
B) UNICEF
C) INTERPOL
D) FIA

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83. Deviance is primarily understood as:

A) A formal law violation
B) Socially unacceptable behavior, whether legal or illegal
C) Only behavior against physical laws
D) Limited to organized crime

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84. The “preliminary investigation” phase focuses on:

A) Analyzing community trends
B) Managing court trials
C) Gathering immediate evidence at a crime scene
D) Rehabilitation efforts

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85. Corporal punishment as a criminal justice measure is intended to:

A) Provide education to offenders
B) Physically discipline offenders
C) Encourage community services
D) Offer non-punitive measures

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86. The concept of “social norms” relates to:

A) Strict legal regulations
B) Behavior expected by society
C) Individual genetic traits
D) Scientific theories of crime

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87. Which term refers to crimes that are committed within an organizational or corporate setting?

A) White-collar crime
B) Juvenile delinquency
C) Physical crime
D) Occasional crime

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88. Forensic analysis helps in:

A) Financial analysis only
B) Legal counsel for defendants
C) Crime scene investigation and evidence collection
D) Social counseling

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89. “Criminal behavior” generally refers to:

A) Any action deemed wrong by society
B) Acts violating established laws
C) Socially acceptable behavior
D) Legal sanctions only

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90. The primary purpose of INTERPOL is to:

A) Focus on national policing
B) Facilitate international police cooperation
C) Provide juvenile correction services
D) Conduct corporate investigations

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91. Which agency in Pakistan handles anti-narcotics and drug-related crime?

A) NAB
B) FIA
C) ANF
D) INTERPOL

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92. Juvenile court sentences primarily aim to:

A) Inflict severe punishment
B) Rehabilitate young offenders
C) Limit family involvement
D) Provide strict isolation

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93. A “habitual criminal” in criminology refers to someone who:

A) Commits a crime occasionally
B) Has repeated criminal behavior
C) Is involved in minor offenses only
D) Only engages in juvenile crimes

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94. Cybercrime investigation primarily involves:

A) Physical policing
B) Investigating online or digital offenses
C) Community engagement programs
D) Financial supervision

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95. Which criminological theory examines the role of mental health in crime?

A) Labeling Theory
B) Social Disorganization Theory
C) Psychological Theory
D) Learning Theory

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96. Deviance is often seen as a violation of:

A) Scientific theories
B) Social norms and values
C) Individual health policies
D) Financial regulations

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97. The role of the prosecutor in a criminal court is to:

A) Defend the accused
B) Preside over the trial
C) Prove the guilt of the accused
D) Provide counseling

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98. White-collar crime is primarily associated with:

A) Crimes of physical assault
B) Crimes committed in professional settings for financial gain
C) Juvenile delinquency
D) Crimes against the environment

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99. The term ‘victimology’ refers to:

A) The study of victims and their interactions with criminals
B) The legal rights of criminals
C) The study of criminal laws
D) The classification of criminal behavior

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100. Which of the following is a characteristic of criminal gangs?

A) They operate in a single family unit
B) They focus on lawful enterprises
C) They engage in coordinated illegal activities
D) They always work independently of each other

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